Gambling involves wagering something of value on an uncertain event with the hope of winning something else of value. It is considered a recreational activity, although some people are so hooked on it that they become compulsive gamblers. Compulsive gambling can lead to severe problems with finances, relationships and health. The risk of gambling-related problems is higher for some groups, including younger people, men and those with low incomes.

People who gamble often do so for coping reasons. They may feel bored, lonely or stressed and turn to gambling for excitement or a rush of endorphins. They may also gamble to socialize with friends or escape the realities of everyday life. Research suggests that some people are genetically predisposed to thrill-seeking behaviour and impulsivity. Some have an underactive brain reward system or may have a tendency to take risks and gamble excessively for rewards, while others are influenced by their culture and family values.

While there are many positive aspects of gambling, a significant amount of research has focused on its negative impacts (e.g., losses to gamblers and their families). This article reviews complementary and contrasting views on the impacts of gambling from a public health perspective and highlights areas for further research.

There are many ways to relieve unpleasant feelings without turning to gambling. Spending time with friends who don’t gamble, exercising, taking up a new hobby or practicing relaxation techniques are some good alternatives. For problem gamblers, it is important to strengthen their support network and seek help through a gambling recovery program such as Gamblers Anonymous, which is based on the 12-step model used by Alcoholics Anonymous.