Gambling is a form of entertainment that involves placing bets on a future outcome. The activity has been a part of human culture throughout history and is common in many countries around the world. While most people who gamble do so responsibly, a small number develop gambling disorder, characterized by a persistent and recurrent pattern of gambling that causes significant distress and/or impairment in their everyday functioning. In the United States, 2.5 million adults (1% of the population) meet diagnostic criteria for gambling disorder in a given year.

Gamblers often use gambling as a way to socialize with others, and the media portrays gambling as fun, glamorous and fashionable. People also gamble to escape from the stress of life and for the thrill of winning. Research shows that individuals who have a high risk for developing gambling problems often lack self-control and exhibit impulsiveness. They may also have a negative perception of their own decision-making skills and have difficulty managing money and other sources of income.

Some scientists have found that people who have a high risk for gambling problems have smaller volume in the prefrontal cortex, an area of the brain that regulates impulsivity and emotion. This finding supports the theory that those with a pathological gambling problem are at a greater risk for other behavioral disorders and mental health problems such as depression, anxiety, drug and alcohol abuse, and relationship difficulties. In addition, some studies show that proximity to gambling establishments may increase a person’s chances of developing a gambling disorder by increasing the likelihood that they will engage in betting activities, such as visiting a racetrack or casino.